Project 9 - Data structures and Data Representation

Global Variable:  A variable that can be modified by any part of a program or all functions/blocks/sections of a program. They are considered hazardous because they can cause confusion and take up memory space.

http://www.neu.edu.cn/cxsj/materal/otherc/imada/subsection3_6_3.html

http://www.answers.com/topic/global-variable

http://www.bfoit.org/itp/Globals.html

Local Variable: A variable in a program that is accessible only in the section/block/function of a program that it was declared in. Can’t be accessed or modified by other parts of the program.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_variable

http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/c/programming-bbrown/c_046.htm

http://www.bfoit.org/itp/Locals.html

Elementary Data Types

Character – represents single characters. Can be letters, numbers, or special characters.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(computing)

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/47zceaw7(v=vs.80).aspx

http://cnx.org/content/m18669/latest/

String: A sequence of characters, variable length, usually has to be enclosed in double quotation marks.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_(computer_science)

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/47zceaw7(v=vs.80).aspx

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_string_Data_Type

Integer: represents whole numbers without a decimal part, holds 32-bit integers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)

http://cnx.org/content/m18654/latest/

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/06bkb8w2(v=vs.71).aspx

Floating: represents numbers values with decimal parts.

http://cnx.org/content/m18657/latest/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point

http://www.functionx.com/java/Lesson02.htm

Boolean: true or false values derived from logical expressions.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_data_type

http://www.functionx.com/java/Lesson06.htm#boolean

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/47zceaw7(v=vs.80).aspx

Data Identifier (name): The name of an entity or variable.

Its Data Type: The data type could be integer, character, or string.

Its Memory Address: This is where the data is stored. It is not the data itself.

The Actual Data: The actual data itself is whatever the use inputs.

A Variable: a piece of information that can change and is determined by the data., has a named memory location and data type.

Literal: values that do not change in value.

Constant: a variable with a value that cannot be altered during execution.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identifier

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/identifier.html

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms175874.aspx

http://www.gavilan.edu/csis/languages/literals.html#_Toc75869971

Number Base Systems:

BASE 2 – Also called Binary, Each number occupies a place value. When 1 is reached, the value goes to 0 and 1 is added to the next place value. 0,1,10,11,100,101,110,111,1000,etc.

BASE 10 – This is the system we use in everyday life; a decimal numbering system where the numbers represented are 0 thru 9 then as the value increases with each set of ten, the 1-9 sequence begins again. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23etc

BASE 16 – Also called hexadecimal, It uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols 0–9 to represent values zero to nine, and A, B, C, D, E, F (or alternatively a to f) to represent values ten to fifteen

Floating Point – A number system for values that are too small and too large for regular integers. Similar to scientific notation.

Decimal data point – can store a max of 38 digits to the right of the decimal. Stores exact number.

http://www.psinvention.com/zoetic/base2.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point

Relative Address: a memory address range, specified from its distance from another address.

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/relative_address.html

http://www.osdata.com/topic/language/asm/address.htm

Data Types and Data Abstraction

•File – a group of records grouped together for a logical reason.

•Record – a group of fields grouped together for a logical reason.

•Array – a series of variables in a computers memory, all with the     same name.

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Structure+(computer+science)

http://chortle.ccsu.edu/CS151/cs151java.html

Book – Programming Logic and Design – Joyce Farrel

Language Statements

Natural Language: language that is used and spoken by humans in everyday life. Computers cannot understand this language.

Artificial Language Statements: language that has been deliberately arranged and planned or created by a person or group over a short period of time.

Input/Output Statements: These give direction to what types of data will be input (and how) and what the outcome will be and how it will be presented.

Assignment Statements: A statement that stores the result of any calculation to a particular memory location.

Program Design Language: PDL expresses the steps of an algorithm.

1.      Syntax Diagrams – a flow chart tool that represents the steps of the algorithim.

2.      BNF – Backus Naur Form, a way of showing algorithm and programming structure and syntax without using the particular language. A type of format.

http://www.cs.runet.edu/~jchase/pdl.html

https://cs.byu.edu/natural_language_processing

http://www.faqs.org/faqs/language/artificial-languages-FAQ/

Espressions Components

Operators Operands and Results:

1.      Unary – this operator accepts only one operand

2.      Binary – accepts two operands

Simple Types:

1.      Arithmatic: used to perform familiar aarithmatic operations that invole calculation of numerical values.

2.      Logical: compare Boolean expressions and give a true or false result.

3.      Relational: express relationships such as greater than, less than, equal to, etc.

Results:

Unconditional: results that are not based on distinct Boolean statements.

Boolean: true or false – either the conditions or method statements were true or they were not true.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/yf3abyat.aspx

http://zonalandeducation.com/mmts/expressions/unaryOps.html

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/b6ex274z(VS.71).aspx